词汇表

DPP & ESPR Glossary for Fashion Brands

Plain-English definitions of every term you'll encounter when navigating EU Digital Product Passport and ESPR regulation — from delegated acts to fibre certification.

更新于 2026/03/20

A B C D E F G I M N O Q R S T U

Article 13 (ESPR): The specific article in ESPR Regulation 2024/1781 that establishes the Digital Product Passport requirements. It sets out the information that must be included, how it must be accessed, and the technical standards that apply.
Bluesign: A textile sustainability certification focused on responsible resource use in fabric production — water, energy, and chemical use at the mill level. Bluesign-certified fabrics have been produced in mills meeting Bluesign environmental and safety standards.
Certificate of Origin: An official document issued by a trade authority or customs body that certifies the country in which a product was manufactured. Used in DPP compliance when a supplier will not disclose the specific mill but origin can be verified by a third party.
Compliance Tier: The binary threshold in DPP completeness — a product either meets all required fields (is compliant) or does not. Distinct from enrichment score, which measures how completely optional fields are filled.
Data Carrier: The physical mechanism on a product that provides access to the DPP. The ESPR delegated act for textiles is expected to require a QR code as the primary data carrier, potentially alongside NFC chips for higher-value goods.
Delegated Act: A piece of secondary legislation issued by the European Commission under authority granted by a primary regulation (like ESPR). The textile and apparel delegated act will specify the exact DPP data fields, minimum standards, and compliance timelines for the fashion sector.
Digital Product Passport (DPP): A structured digital record linked to a specific product, accessible via a QR code or URL, containing verified information about the product's materials, origins, certifications, and sustainability characteristics. Required for EU-sold garments under ESPR.
DPP Schema: The standardised data structure that defines which fields a DPP must contain, their format, and their technical encoding. The schema for textiles will be defined in the delegated act and implemented through a European standard.
Ecodesign Requirements: Minimum performance standards set under ESPR for product categories — covering durability, repairability, recycled content, and other environmental characteristics. Products that do not meet ecodesign requirements cannot be placed on the EU market.
Enrichment Score: A completeness metric (0–100%) that measures how many optional DPP fields are filled, beyond the minimum compliance threshold. A product can be DPP-compliant (all required fields present) but have a low enrichment score if optional fields are empty.
ESPR: Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation — EU Regulation 2024/1781, which entered into force in July 2024. It establishes the legal framework for Digital Product Passports and ecodesign requirements across product categories, starting with energy-related products and extending to textiles.
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR): A policy principle that makes producers responsible for the end-of-life management of their products. In fashion, EPR schemes require brands to contribute to textile collection and recycling infrastructure, currently implemented differently across EU member states.
Fair Trade Certification: A third-party certification from Fairtrade International or Fair Trade USA that verifies workers in the supply chain are paid fair wages, work in safe conditions, and have rights to organise. In a DPP, fair trade claims must be backed by current certification documentation.
Fibre Composition: The material makeup of a fabric or garment, expressed as percentages by weight of each fibre type. DPPs require fibre composition at the component level (shell, lining, interlining) not just the overall product level.
GOTS: Global Organic Textile Standard — a leading certification for organic textile processing. GOTS certifies both the organic status of fibres and the social and environmental practices of the processing facilities. A GOTS certificate includes a certificate number, scope, and expiry date — all required in a DPP.
ISO 3758: The international standard for care labelling of textiles. It defines the symbols used on care labels for washing, bleaching, drying, ironing, and professional textile care. DPPs must reference care instructions in a standardised format.
Market Surveillance Authority: The national body in each EU member state responsible for enforcing product regulations. Market surveillance authorities can inspect products, request DPP access, pull non-compliant products from sale, and impose penalties.
NFC Chip: Near Field Communication chip — a contactless electronic component that can be embedded in a garment to provide access to the DPP when tapped with a smartphone. More expensive than QR codes but allows for dynamic updates without reprinting physical labels.
OEKO-TEX Standard 100: A testing and certification system for textile materials that verifies absence of harmful substances. Products or components carrying OEKO-TEX 100 certification have been tested against a defined list of chemicals. The certification number and expiry date must be included in the DPP.
QR Code (DPP): The physical data carrier expected to be required on garments for DPP access. Must link to a stable, live DPP URL. The QR code must be printed on or attached to the product (typically the care label) and remain readable throughout the product's life.
REACH Regulation: EU Regulation 1907/2006 on chemicals. Restricts the use of hazardous substances in products sold in the EU. Relevant to DPPs because substance restriction compliance may need to be declared.
Scope (ESPR): The set of product categories subject to the regulation. ESPR has broad scope and will eventually cover most product categories. Textiles are an early priority sector. Being in scope means your product must have a DPP and meet ecodesign requirements.
SKU (Stock Keeping Unit): A unique identifier for a specific product variant — typically style by colour by size. DPPs are required at the SKU level (or style level, depending on the delegated act). A brand with 50 styles and 5 colours per style has 250 SKUs.
Tier-1 Supplier: Your direct manufacturing partner — the factory that cuts and sews the garment. Tier-1 data (country of production, factory address, certifications) is typically the easiest to collect for DPP compliance.
Tier-2 Supplier: Your manufacturer's direct suppliers — typically fabric mills, yarn spinners, dye houses. Tier-2 data (country of material origin, mill certifications) is required for DPP but is often the hardest data to collect because your manufacturer must gather it from their suppliers.
Unique Product Identifier: A unique code that identifies a specific product for DPP purposes. Can be an existing identifier (EAN, GTIN, SKU code) or a UUID generated by the DPP system. Must be stable and linked to the DPP record throughout the product's lifecycle.

Certificate of Origin

An official document issued by a trade authority or customs body that certifies the country in which a product was manufactured. Used in DPP compliance when a supplier will not disclose the specific mill but origin can be verified by a third party.

Compliance Tier

The binary threshold in DPP completeness — a product either meets all required fields (is compliant) or does not. Distinct from enrichment score, which measures how completely optional fields are filled.

Data Carrier

The physical mechanism on a product that provides access to the DPP. The ESPR delegated act for textiles is expected to require a QR code as the primary data carrier, potentially alongside NFC chips for higher-value goods.

Delegated Act

A piece of secondary legislation issued by the European Commission under authority granted by a primary regulation (like ESPR). The textile and apparel delegated act will specify the exact DPP data fields, minimum standards, and compliance timelines for the fashion sector.

Digital Product Passport (DPP)

A structured digital record linked to a specific product, accessible via a QR code or URL, containing verified information about the product's materials, origins, certifications, and sustainability characteristics. Required for EU-sold garments under ESPR.

DPP Schema

The standardised data structure that defines which fields a DPP must contain, their format, and their technical encoding. The schema for textiles will be defined in the delegated act and implemented through a European standard.

Ecodesign Requirements

Minimum performance standards set under ESPR for product categories — covering durability, repairability, recycled content, and other environmental characteristics. Products that do not meet ecodesign requirements cannot be placed on the EU market.

Enrichment Score

A completeness metric (0–100%) that measures how many optional DPP fields are filled, beyond the minimum compliance threshold. A product can be DPP-compliant (all required fields present) but have a low enrichment score if optional fields are empty.

ESPR

Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation — EU Regulation 2024/1781, which entered into force in July 2024. It establishes the legal framework for Digital Product Passports and ecodesign requirements across product categories, starting with energy-related products and extending to textiles.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)

A policy principle that makes producers responsible for the end-of-life management of their products. In fashion, EPR schemes require brands to contribute to textile collection and recycling infrastructure, currently implemented differently across EU member states.

Fair Trade Certification

A third-party certification from Fairtrade International or Fair Trade USA that verifies workers in the supply chain are paid fair wages, work in safe conditions, and have rights to organise. In a DPP, fair trade claims must be backed by current certification documentation.

Fibre Composition

The material makeup of a fabric or garment, expressed as percentages by weight of each fibre type. DPPs require fibre composition at the component level (shell, lining, interlining) not just the overall product level.

GOTS

Global Organic Textile Standard — a leading certification for organic textile processing. GOTS certifies both the organic status of fibres and the social and environmental practices of the processing facilities. A GOTS certificate includes a certificate number, scope, and expiry date — all required in a DPP.

OEKO-TEX Standard 100

A testing and certification system for textile materials that verifies absence of harmful substances. Products or components carrying OEKO-TEX 100 certification have been tested against a defined list of chemicals. The certification number and expiry date must be included in the DPP.

Scope (ESPR)

The set of product categories subject to the regulation. ESPR has broad scope and will eventually cover most product categories. Textiles are an early priority sector. Being in scope means your product must have a DPP and meet ecodesign requirements.

SKU (Stock Keeping Unit)

A unique identifier for a specific product variant — typically style by colour by size. DPPs are required at the SKU level (or style level, depending on the delegated act). A brand with 50 styles and 5 colours per style has 250 SKUs.

Tier-1 Supplier

Your direct manufacturing partner — the factory that cuts and sews the garment. Tier-1 data (country of production, factory address, certifications) is typically the easiest to collect for DPP compliance.

Tier-2 Supplier

Your manufacturer's direct suppliers — typically fabric mills, yarn spinners, dye houses. Tier-2 data (country of material origin, mill certifications) is required for DPP but is often the hardest data to collect because your manufacturer must gather it from their suppliers.